Sparks Commentary

In 1656, Baruch Spinoza was excommunicated , from the  Jewish  community into which he was born. He had taught some doctrines that offended ...

He was one of the greatest Christian philosophers of all time. But, in a particular way, he was one of the greatest  philosophers  of the ...

Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead once collaborated on a book. It was a three-volume work entitled “ Principia Mathematica ” – no...

I already thought that twentieth-century Western philosophy was a vast wasteland, before I ever listened to this audiobook. But I listened t...

The Italian philosopher St. Thomas Aquinas is appreciated by more than just  Catholics . He is also venerated by some  Protestant groups , ...

John Dewey was one of the most influential philosophers to come out of the then-rising United States . Specifically, he lived in the ninetee...

“It is evident, that all the sciences have a relation, greater or less, to human nature: and that however wide any of them may seem to run f...

“The safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato .” – Alfr...

“We must not expect of Aristotle such literary brilliance as floods the pages of the dramatist-philosopher Plato. Instead of giving us great...

William James and Charles Sanders Peirce are two of the most influential philosophers to come out of the United States . They made contribut...

In the fourth century CE, the  Roman emperor Constantine  converted to  Christianity , causing many of his subjects to follow his lead in th...

“What is rational is real; And what is real is rational.” – Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel’s “Elements of the Philosophy of Right” (1821) In ...

“I openly confess, the suggestion of David Hume was the very thing, which many years ago first awakened me from my dogmatic slumber , and ga...

“ Cogito, ergo sum .” (“I think, therefore I am.”) – René Descartes, in his works “Discourse on the Method” (1637) and “Principles of Philo...

“To desire immortality is to desire the eternal perpetuation of a great mistake.” – Arthur Schopenhauer Arthur Schopenhauer is known as a pe...

There’s a brief mention of the Epicureans and Stoics in the New Testament . Specifically, in “The Acts of the Apostles,” it is said that “c...

“That’s the strange thing about writing, which makes it truly analogous to painting. The painter’s products stand before us as though they w...

Voltaire and Rousseau disagreed with each other on many issues. Nonetheless, they do have at least one thing in common, which is that they w...

“There are no facts, only interpretations.” – Friedrich Nietzsche He was the most controversial thinker in the entire history of philo...