If the Cold War were a chess game, Latin Americans were often the pawns …
Long before the
Cold War began,
American president James Monroe had introduced the now-famous
“Monroe Doctrine” in 1823. This doctrine said, in essence, that “the American continents … are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.” (Source:
Monroe Doctrine, 1823)
Theodore Roosevelt later added a corollary of his own to this doctrine in 1904, in response to the
Venezuelan Crisis of 1902-1903. This
“Roosevelt Corollary” basically said that “Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.” (Source:
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, 1904)
Fidel Castro visits United States, 1959
Keeping European powers (like the Soviet Union) out of the New World …
The
United States has not always adhered to this doctrine, but it has often been involved in Latin American politics under the
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (and the original, for that matter). During the
Cold War, the
Soviet Union actually supported left-wing regimes throughout
Latin America, and were thus interfering in the Americas. True adherence to the
Monroe Doctrine thus required that we try to keep them out of the Americas, and prevent
communism from gaining a foothold in our own “backyard.”
Map of Latin America