Thursday, May 8, 2014

A review of PBS's “Truman” movie



"The Buck Stops Here."

 - A sign on Truman's desk in the Oval Office

It might seem strange to hear a Republican like me say it, but I am actually a big fan of Harry Truman. He was undoubtedly a Democrat, but the Democratic Party of that time was very different from the Democratic Party of today. I have a lot of admiration and respect for him personally, as well as a lot of respect for his presidency. I once watched PBS's documentary about him, which is four hours long. Thus, I thought I'd like to offer my review of it here.




Inheriting World War II from FDR

The documentary was made by PBS's American Experience, and it is one of the better episodes in their series. Four hours is the right amount of time for a video on Truman, as he has a very eventful presidency with a lot of important events. The documentary makes use of actual photos and footage of Truman, with the first hour focusing on his pre-presidency life, and the remaining three hours focusing on his presidency. About one hour of that covers World War II.


Surrender of Germany, May 1945


Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, August 1945

Dropping of the atomic bomb

The most important event of his World War II watch was probably the atomic bomb, and this documentary spends a great deal of time on this event. There has been a lot of criticism of this decision from modern leftists of various kinds, and even some from major American figures of that time. Dwight Eisenhower, for example, criticized the A-bomb decision. Dwight Eisenhower was a great political general, and a political general was sorely needed to hold the fragile international alliance in Europe together. But he was far removed from the Pacific theater, and thus did not understand the important reasons for dropping the bomb. I generally have a great deal of respect for Eisenhower's generalship, but his criticism of the A-bomb decision shows a lack of strategic understanding, which manifested itself in some poor foreign policy decisions during his later presidency. He wasn't a terrible foreign policy president, but he wasn't nearly as good as Truman, who was the president he later succeeded in '52.


Douglas MacArthur signs Japanese surrender document, September 1945


Douglas MacArthur

Complicated relationship with Douglas MacArthur

And then there's Douglas MacArthur. General MacArthur, too, criticized the A-bomb decision. Virtually anyone who served in the Pacific (including my Grandpa Wells) knows what a bumbling incompetent he was, not to mention a pompous jackass with a colossal ego. My Grandpa Wells once said that "the only two things Truman did right were dropping the bomb, and firing Douglas MacArthur." While I wouldn't limit my praise of Truman exclusively to these two things (as I've said, I admire him greatly), I will agree with him that these were both strategically sound decisions. In the documentary's coverage of the later Korean War (most of which was during Truman's presidency), they give extensive coverage to his firing of Douglas MacArthur, showing the rank insubordination that the general had been guilty of. It was one of the most controversial decisions of his administration, and yet should not have been controversial at all. MacArthur handled the reconstruction of Japan well, but he was ill-suited to combat command, and even more ill-suited to politics. It was good that Truman beat him soundly in '48.


Battle of Seoul, 1950 (during the Korean War)


Chinese intervention in Korean War (on the communist side)

Truman and the Korean War

Not surprisingly, the documentary also dedicates a lot of time to the war in Korea, which began during Truman's presidency and lasted for about three years. This is another area where Truman distinguished himself from his later successor Dwight Eisenhower, because he handled the Korean War well. Despite the bumbling incompetence of Douglas MacArthur, he also kept it from turning into an endless war like Vietnam later became. Eisenhower made a number of other unnecessary criticisms of Truman's foreign policy; showing again that on foreign policy, at least, he was not nearly as good as Truman. Eisenhower defenders often point out that he got us out of Korea within six months of taking office; but I don't think this is because he handled it any better than Truman. Rather, I think it was because he inherited a war almost wrapped up from Truman, just as Truman inherited one from FDR. Moreover, he benefited from a relaxing of Soviet support for the North Koreans following the death of Joseph Stalin. I don't want to make it sound like I hate Eisenhower's foreign policy (I don't), but I think Truman was the superior candidate on foreign policy - though Eisenhower was the better candidate on the economy.


Franklin Delano Roosevelt


Winston Churchill

Truman's legacy

And yet Truman was still a very good candidate on the economy; far better than his predecessor FDR had been, with his big-government "New Deal." I think it's largely due to Truman that we didn't go into another recession following World War II. I think Truman and Churchill handled the end of the war brilliantly, with its massive reconstructions in both fronts (including the Marshall Plan), the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials of the Axis war criminals, and the problems containing the naked postwar aggression of the Soviet Union. I think the Cold War began the moment that World War II ended; and the moment that the Germans and Japanese were defeated, there was a new enemy in postwar communism. Much of the groundwork for the eventual American victory in the Cold War was laid in these critical early years by Truman, and I think it was fortunate that he was the president at that time.


Nuremberg trials, circa 1945-1946


Berlin Airlift, 1948

Comments on Dwight Eisenhower and his relationship with Truman

I should add a few words saying that I do not dislike Dwight Eisenhower. (MacArthur, that's another story; but I admire Dwight Eisenhower, and I talk more about him in a post here.) Both presidents were good ones, and I'd vote for either of these guys over Bill Clinton or Barack Obama. But if I had the luxury of picking between these guys, my vote would go to Truman.


Dwight Eisenhower

Comments on the making of this film

The documentary benefits from both the superb narration of Jason Robards, and some interviews with Truman biographer David McCullough; who I find the most interesting of the documentary's many talking heads. The filmmaker David Grubin has also made a number of other excellent biographies, including ones of Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, FDR, and LBJ. Thus, his considerable skill with documentary biography shines through here in this excellent film about Harry Truman. They handle the controversial issues that I've discussed here well; and they spend more time talking about Truman himself than either of his two critics that I've discussed here. It's an excellent film about Harry Truman, and the longest film you're likely to find with actual footage of him.


Harry Truman himself

Conclusion: An excellent biography of Harry Truman

Overall, an excellent biography; and one I'd recommend to anyone interested in the life of Harry Truman.

Footnote to this blog post:

 It was during the Truman presidency that the Constitution was amended to prevent all future presidents from being elected more than twice as president. Congress passed this amendment in 1947, with the final ratification being completed in 1951. But the amendment specifically exempted Truman himself from the new term limit, as shown below:

 "No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of President more than once. But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President when this Article was proposed by Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term."

 - Twenty-Second Amendment to the Constitution, Sections 1 & 2

DVD at Amazon

Also available online at PBS website

If you liked this post, you might also like:

Franklin D. Roosevelt movie

Winston Churchill movies

Dwight Eisenhower movies

World War II miniseries

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

The Nuremberg trials

My Marshall Plan post

My Berlin Blockade post

Korean War miniseries

Cold War miniseries

Part of a series about
The Presidents


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